Information in this section pertains to all global PEN® partners except where country flags are
visible. Click on the flag(s) for country-specific information. If a country flag is not listed, there is
no information specific to that country.
Individuals with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for celiac disease than the general population
(1). Individuals with type 1 diabetes often present with "silent" CD, where there is intestinal villous atrophy, but no symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms, growth alterations and anemia may be present
(1).
While CD and type 1 diabetes share genetic and immunological features, the diagnostic and management approaches, including diet, differ around the world
(2).