Information in this section pertains to all global PEN® partners except where country flags are
visible. Click on the flag(s) for country-specific information. If a country flag is not listed, there is
no information specific to that country.
Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary, painful muscle contractions that can happen in the thigh, feet, hand, arm, abdomen or along the rib cage
(1). They commonly occur after exercise, and some people get leg cramps at night
(1). Most cramps resolve within a few seconds to minutes. Causes include straining or overusing a muscle, nerve compression, dehydration, low levels of electrolytes, pregnancy or dialysis.
Content
- Nutrients or Beverages and the Effects on Muscle Cramps